Kugurisha ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bigenda byiyongera uko umwaka utashye, nkuko twabitekereje, nubwo bikiri kure yo kugera ku ntego z’ikirere. Ariko turashobora kwizera twizeye ko aya makuru yahanuwe - bitarenze 2030, umubare wa EV ku isi uteganijwe kurenga miliyoni 125. Raporo yasanze mu bigo byakoreweho ubushakashatsi ku isi yose bitaratekereza gukoresha BEV, 33% bavuze ko umubare w'amafaranga yishyurwa rusange ari inzitizi ikomeye yo kugera kuri iyi ntego. Kwishyuza ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi buri gihe ni ikibazo gikomeye.
Kwishyuza EV byahindutse kuva super idakora nezaURWEGO RWA 1 KuriURWEGO RWA 2ubu bisanzwe mubituro, biduha umudendezo mwinshi nicyizere mugihe utwaye. Abantu batangiye kugira ibyifuzo byinshi kuri kwishyurwa rya EV - amashanyarazi menshi, imbaraga nyinshi, kandi byihuse kandi bihamye. Muri iki kiganiro, tuzasesengura iterambere niterambere rya EV byihuse hamwe.
Imipaka irihe?
Mbere ya byose, dukeneye kumva ko kumenya ko kwishyurwa byihuse bidashingiye gusa kuri charger. Igishushanyo mbonera cyikinyabiziga ubwacyo kigomba kwitabwaho, kandi ubushobozi nubucucike bwingufu za batiri yingufu nabyo ni ngombwa. Kubwibyo, tekinoroji yo kwishyuza nayo igomba gutezwa imbere hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga rya batiri, harimo tekinoroji yo kuringaniza ipaki ya batiri, hamwe nikibazo cyo guca muri electroplating attenuation ya bateri ya lithium iterwa no kwishyurwa vuba. Ibi birashobora gusaba iterambere rishya muri sisitemu yose yo gutanga amashanyarazi yimodoka yamashanyarazi, igishushanyo mbonera cya batiri, selile ya batiri, ndetse nibikoresho bya molekile.
Icya kabiri, sisitemu ya BMS yimodoka hamwe na sisitemu yo kwishyuza ikeneye gufatanya kugirango bahore bakurikirana kandi bagenzure ubushyuhe bwa bateri na charger, voltage yumuriro, amashanyarazi, na SOC yimodoka. Menya neza ko umuyaga mwinshi ushobora kwinjizwa muri bateri yumuriro neza, neza, kandi neza kugirango ibikoresho bikore neza kandi byizewe nta gutakaza ubushyuhe bukabije.
Birashobora kugaragara ko iterambere ryumuriro wihuse ridasaba gusa iterambere ryibikorwa remezo byo kwishyiriraho ahubwo bisaba ko hajyaho udushya twinshi mu ikoranabuhanga rya batiri ndetse no gushyigikirwa nogukwirakwiza amashanyarazi no gukwirakwiza. Itera kandi ikibazo gikomeye kubijyanye no gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe.
Imbaraga nyinshi, Ibigezweho:Umuyoboro munini wa DC wihuta
Muri iki gihe amashanyarazi rusange ya DC akoresha amashanyarazi menshi hamwe n’umuriro mwinshi, kandi amasoko y’iburayi n’Amerika yihutisha kohereza imiyoboro ya 350kw. Aya ni amahirwe akomeye ningorabahizi ku kwishyuza abakora ibikoresho ku isi. Irasaba ibikoresho byo kwishyuza kugirango ibashe gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe mugihe cyohereza amashanyarazi no kureba ko ikirundo cyumuriro gishobora gukora neza kandi cyizewe. Nkuko twese tubizi, hariho umubano mwiza werekana hagati yikwirakwizwa nubu nubushyuhe, bityo rero nikizamini gikomeye cyububiko bwa tekiniki nubushobozi bwo guhanga udushya.
Umuyoboro wihuta wa DC ukeneye gutanga uburyo bwinshi bwo kurinda umutekano, bushobora gucunga neza bateri yimodoka hamwe na chargeri mugihe cyo kwishyuza kugirango umutekano wa bateri nibikoresho.
Byongeye kandi, bitewe nuburyo bukoreshwa bwumuriro rusange, ibyuma byishyuza bigomba kuba bitarimo amazi, bitagira umukungugu, kandi birwanya ikirere cyane.
Nkumushinga mpuzamahanga wogukora ibikoresho byo kwishyuza ufite imyaka irenga 16 yubushakashatsi nuburambe ku musaruro, Workersbee imaze imyaka myinshi ikora ubushakashatsi ku iterambere ryiterambere ndetse n’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga ry’ikoranabuhanga rikoresha amashanyarazi hamwe n’abafatanyabikorwa bayobora inganda mu myaka myinshi ishize. Uburambe bukomeye bwumusaruro hamwe nimbaraga zikomeye za R&D byadushoboje gutangiza igisekuru gishya cya CCS2 yamashanyarazi yamashanyarazi muri uyumwaka.
Ifata imiterere ihuriweho, kandi uburyo bwo gukonjesha bwamazi burashobora gukonjesha amavuta cyangwa gukonjesha amazi. Pompe ya elegitoronike itwara ibicurane gutembera mumashanyarazi hanyuma ikuraho ubushyuhe buterwa ningaruka ziterwa nubushyuhe bwumuriro kugirango insinga ntoya zambukiranya ibice zishobora gutwara imigezi minini kandi igenzura neza izamuka ryubushyuhe. Kuva ibicuruzwa byatangizwa, ibitekerezo byisoko byabaye byiza kandi byashimiwe bose hamwe nabakora ibicuruzwa bizwi cyane byo kwishyuza. Turacyakusanya cyane ibitekerezo byabakiriya, guhora tunonosora imikorere yibicuruzwa, kandi duharanira kwinjiza imbaraga mumasoko.
Kugeza ubu, Superchargers ya Tesla ifite ijambo ryuzuye mumashanyarazi ya DC yihuta mumasoko ya EV. Igisekuru gishya cya V4 Superchargers kuri ubu kigarukira kuri 250kW ariko kizerekana umuvuduko mwinshi kuko ingufu zongerewe kuri 350kW - zishobora kongeramo ibirometero 115 muminota itanu gusa.
Raporo y’amakuru yatangajwe n’ishami rishinzwe gutwara abantu n'ibintu byinshi yerekana ko imyuka ihumanya ikirere ituruka mu nzego z’ubwikorezi igera kuri 1/4 cy’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere mu gihugu. Ibi ntabwo bikubiyemo imodoka zitwara abagenzi gusa ahubwo n'amakamyo aremereye. Kwangiza inganda zitwara amakamyo ni ngombwa kandi bigoye guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Mu kwishyuza amakamyo aremereye cyane y’amashanyarazi, inganda zasabye uburyo bwo kwishyuza urwego rwa megawatt. Kempower yatangaje ko hashyizwe ahagaragara ibikoresho byishyuza DC byihuta cyane bigera kuri MW 1,2 kandi irateganya kubishyira mu Bwongereza mu gihembwe cya mbere cya 2024.
Amerika DOE yabanje gusaba igipimo cya XFC cyo kwishyuza byihuse, ivuga ko ari ikibazo cy'ingutu kigomba kuneshwa kugira ngo ibinyabiziga bikwirakwizwe hose. Nuburyo bwuzuye bwa tekinoroji itunganijwe harimo bateri, ibinyabiziga, nibikoresho byo kwishyuza. Kwishyuza birashobora kurangira muminota 15 cyangwa irenga kugirango ibashe guhangana nigihe cyo guswera cya ICE.
Swap，Yishyuzwa：Amashanyarazi
Usibye kwihutisha iyubakwa rya sitasiyo zishyuza, sitasiyo ya “swap and go” amashanyarazi nayo yitabiriwe cyane muri gahunda yo kuzuza ingufu byihuse. Nyuma ya byose, bifata iminota mike yo kurangiza bateri, gukora hamwe na bateri yuzuye, no kwishyuza byihuse kuruta ibinyabiziga bya lisansi. Ibi birashimishije cyane, kandi mubisanzwe bizakurura ibigo byinshi gushora imari.
Serivise ya NIO Power Swap，yatangijwe nuwakoze amamodoka NIO irashobora guhita isimbuza bateri yuzuye muminota 3. Abasimbuye bose bazahita bagenzura bateri na sisitemu yingufu kugirango imodoka na batiri bigende neza.
Ibi bisa nkibishishikaje, kandi bisa nkaho dushobora kubona ubudasiba hagati ya bateri nkeya na bateri zuzuye zuzuye mugihe kizaza. Ariko ikigaragara ni uko ku isoko hari abakora EV benshi cyane ku isoko, kandi abayikora benshi bafite imiterere ya bateri itandukanye nibikorwa. Bitewe nibintu nko guhatanira isoko nimbogamizi za tekiniki, biratugoye guhuza bateri za byose cyangwa ndetse nibirango byinshi bya EV kugirango ubunini bwabyo, ibisobanuro, imikorere, nibindi bihuze rwose kandi birashobora guhinduka hagati yabyo. Ibi kandi byabaye imbogamizi nini ku bukungu bwa sitasiyo yo guhinduranya amashanyarazi.
Ku Muhanda: Kwishyuza Wireless
Kimwe ninzira yiterambere yikoranabuhanga rya terefone igendanwa, kwishyuza bidasubirwaho nicyerekezo cyiterambere ryimodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi. Ikoresha cyane cyane induction ya electronique na magnetiki resonance kugirango yohereze ingufu, ihindure ingufu mumashanyarazi, hanyuma yakire kandi ibike ingufu binyuze mubikoresho byakira imodoka. Umuvuduko wacyo wo kwihuta ntuzihuta cyane, ariko urashobora kwishyurwa mugihe utwaye, ibyo bikaba byafatwa nkigabanya impungenge zurwego.
Electreon iherutse gufungura ku mugaragaro umuhanda w'amashanyarazi i Michigan, muri Amerika, kandi izageragezwa cyane mu ntangiriro za 2024. Yemerera imodoka z'amashanyarazi zitwara cyangwa zihagarara ku mihanda kwishyuza bateri zidacometse, mu ikubitiro kirometero kimwe cya kane kandi kizagurwa kugeza kuri a kilometero. Iterambere ryikoranabuhanga ryanatangije cyane urusobe rwibinyabuzima bigendanwa, ariko bisaba kubaka ibikorwa remezo bihanitse cyane nakazi keza cyane.
Ibindi bibazo
Iyo EV nyinshi zuzuye，imiyoboro myinshi yo kwishyiriraho yashizweho, kandi nibindi bigomba gukenerwa gusohoka, bivuze ko hazabaho imbaraga zumutwaro zikomeye kuri gride. Yaba ingufu, kubyara ingufu, cyangwa gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi no gukwirakwiza, tuzahura nibibazo bikomeye.
Ubwa mbere, duhereye kuri macro yisi yose, iterambere ryububiko bwingufu riracyari inzira nyamukuru. Muri icyo gihe, birakenewe kandi kwihutisha ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya tekiniki n'imiterere ya V2X kugira ngo ingufu zishobore kuzenguruka neza mu masano yose.
Icya kabiri, koresha ubwenge bwubuhanga hamwe nikoranabuhanga rinini kugirango ushireho imiyoboro yubwenge kandi utezimbere ubwizerwe bwa gride. Gisesengura no gucunga neza icyifuzo cyo kwishyuza ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi no kuyobora kwishyuza ibihe. Ntishobora kugabanya gusa ingaruka ziterwa na gride, ariko irashobora no kugabanya fagitire y'amashanyarazi ya banyiri imodoka.
Icya gatatu, nubwo igitutu cya politiki gikora mubitekerezo, uburyo bishyirwa mubikorwa ni ngombwa. White House yari yavuze mbere ko ishora $ 7.5B mu iyubakwa rya sitasiyo zishyuza, ariko nta terambere ryigeze rigerwaho. Impamvu nuko bigoye guhuza ibisabwa byingoboka muri politiki nibikorwa byimikorere, kandi inyungu ya rwiyemezamirimo ntabwo iri gukora.
Ubwanyuma, abakora amamodoka akomeye barimo gukora kuri voltage nini cyane. Ku ruhande rumwe, bazakoresha tekinoroji ya 800V y’umuvuduko mwinshi, naho kurundi ruhande, bazamura cyane tekinoroji ya batiri hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga ryo gukonjesha kugira ngo bagere ku muvuduko wihuse w’iminota 10-15. Inganda zose zizahura nibibazo bikomeye.
Tekinoroji zitandukanye zihuta-zikoresha zikwiranye nibihe bitandukanye nibikenewe, kandi buri buryo bwo kwishyuza nabwo bufite amakosa agaragara. Amashanyarazi yicyiciro cya gatatu kugirango yishyure byihuse murugo, DC yishyuza byihuse kuri koridoro yihuta, kwishyuza bidasubirwaho kuri reta, hamwe na sitasiyo yo guhinduranya amashanyarazi kugirango bateri yihuta. Mugihe ikoranabuhanga ryibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi rikomeje gutera imbere, tekinoroji yumuriro yihuse izakomeza gutera imbere no gutera imbere. Iyo platform ya 800V imaze kumenyekana, ibikoresho byo kwishyuza hejuru ya 400kw bizagwira, kandi impungenge zacu zijyanye nurwego rwibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi zizakurwaho buhoro buhoro nibikoresho byizewe. Workersbee yiteguye gukorana nabafatanyabikorwa bose mu nganda kugirango ejo hazaza heza!
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-19-2023