Mu mwaka ushize wa 2023, kugurisha ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi byageze ku mpinduramatwara y’isoko ryihuta kandi byerekana ibyifuzo byihuta by'ejo hazaza. Kubihugu byinshi, 2025 bizaba igihe cyintego runaka. Imyitozo mu myaka yashize yerekanye ko amashanyarazi yo gutwara abantu ari impinduramatwara irambye yiyemeje guhangana n’ikibazo cy’ikirere no gukorera urusobe rw’ibidukikije. Ubushakashatsi bwabaguzi bwerekana ko kwishyuza EV ari inzitizi nyamukuru yo kwakirwa na EV. Muyandi magambo, niba abakiriya bizera ko kwishyuza EV byizewe, byoroshye, byoroshye, kandi bihendutse, noneho ubushake bwabo bwo kugura EV buzakomera.
Nkigice cyingenzi cya sisitemu yo kwishyuza ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi, guhuza imiyoboro yumuriro, guhuza, kwizerwa, no gukora bigira ingaruka kuburyo butaziguye bwo kwishyuza za EV hamwe nuburambe bwo kwishyuza ba nyiri imodoka. Nubwo ibipimo byo kwishyuza abahuza kwisi yose bidahujwe, ndetse bamwe basubira inyuma kurukino. Ariko, gusobanukirwa ubwoko bwumuriro uhuza biracyafite akamaro kubwiterambere rirambye rya EV hamwe no gukoresha moderi zishaje zishaje.
Ukurikije ubwoko bwo kwishyuza, kwishyuza EV birashobora kugabanywa muburyo butaziguye (DC) no guhinduranya amashanyarazi (AC). Imbaraga ziva muri gride zihora zihinduranya amashanyarazi, mugihe bateri zikeneye kubika ingufu muburyo bwumuriro utaziguye. Kwishyuza DC bisaba guhinduranya byubatswe mumashanyarazi kugirango uhindure amashanyarazi ahinduka mumashanyarazi ataziguye kugirango ingufu nyinshi zishobore kuboneka vuba no koherezwa muri bateri ya EV. Kwishyuza AC bisaba charger ya bombo mumodoka kugirango ihindure ingufu za AC mumashanyarazi ya DC hanyuma uyibike muri bateri. Rero, itandukaniro ryibanze hagati yuburyo bubiri nukumenya niba uhindura ari mumashanyarazi cyangwa imodoka.
Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cyavuzwe haruguru, hamwe n’iterambere ry’inganda zikoresha amashanyarazi kugeza ubu, abatwara ibinyabiziga bakoze ibipimo ngenderwaho byinshi byishyuza bishingiye ku turere dutandukanye. AC Ubwoko bwa 1 na DC CCS1 muri Amerika ya ruguru, na AC Ubwoko bwa 2 na DC CCS2 mu Burayi. DC yo mu Buyapani ikoresha CHAdeMO, ndetse bamwe bakoresha CCS1. Isoko ryUbushinwa rikoresha GB / T nkurwego rwo kwishyuza ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi. Mubyongeyeho, EV igihangange Tesla ifite umuhuza wihariye wo kwishyuza.
Umuyoboro wa AC
Amashanyarazi yo murugo hamwe na chargeri ahantu rusange nko gukorera, ahacururizwa, amahoteri, hamwe namakinamico ubu ni AC Chargers. Bamwe bazaba bafite umugozi wo kwishyiriraho, bamwe ntabwo.
J1772-Ubwoko bwa 1 Umuhuza
Ukurikije SAE J1772 isanzwe kandi yagenewe gukoreshwa hamwe na 120 V cyangwa 240 V sisitemu imwe ya AC. Iki gipimo cyo kwishyuza AC gikoreshwa muri Amerika ya ruguru no muri Aziya, nk'Ubuyapani na Koreya, kandi gishyigikira ibiciro byo kwishyuza icyiciro kimwe gusa.
Igipimo gisobanura kandi urwego rwo kwishyuza: AC Urwego 1 kugeza kuri 1.92kW na AC Urwego 2 kugeza 19.2kW. Kugeza ubu sitasiyo rusange ya AC yumuriro hafi ya yose ni charger yo murwego rwa 2 kugirango ihuze abantu aho imodoka zihagarara, kandi inzu yo murwego rwa 2 nayo irazwi cyane.
Mennekes-Ubwoko bwa 2 Umuhuza
Byakozwe na Mennekes, byasobanuwe n’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi nk’ikigereranyo cyo kwishyuza AC ku isoko ry’iburayi kandi cyemejwe n’ibindi bihugu byinshi. Irashobora gukoreshwa mu kwishyuza EV kuri 230V icyiciro kimwe cyangwa 480V ibyiciro bitatu bya AC. Imbaraga ntarengwa z'amashanyarazi y'ibyiciro bitatu zirashobora kugera kuri 43kW, zujuje cyane ibisabwa byo kwishyuza ba nyiri EV.
Muri stasiyo nyinshi za AC zishyuza AC muburayi, kugirango zihuze nisoko rya EV zitandukanye, insinga zo kwishyiriraho ntizisanzwe zifatanije. Ubusanzwe abashoferi ba EV bakeneye gutwara insinga zabo zo kwishyuza (nanone bita insinga za BYO) kugirango bahuze charger nibinyabiziga byabo.
Workersbee iherutse gushyira umugozi wa charge ya EV 2.3 ， idakomeza gusa ubuziranenge bwayo buhoraho kandi ihuza neza ariko kandi ikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya reberi itwikiriye kugirango igere kuburambe bwiza bwo kurinda. Mugihe kimwe, imiyoboro ya kabili itezimbere hitawe kumikoreshereze yabaguzi. Igishushanyo cya kabili ya kabili na Velcro ituma byoroha kandi bishimishije kubakoresha gukoresha igihe cyose.
Ubushinwa busanzwe buhuza amashanyarazi ya EV burasa cyane nubwoko bwa 2 murutonde. Nyamara, icyerekezo cyinsinga zimbere hamwe na protocole ya signal biratandukanye rwose. Icyiciro kimwe AC 250V, ikigeza kuri 32A. Ibyiciro bitatu AC 440V, bigera kuri 63A.
Mu myaka yashize, hamwe n’ubwiyongere bukabije bw’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu Bushinwa byoherezwa mu mahanga, abahuza GB / T bahise bamenyekana ku isoko mpuzamahanga. Usibye Ubushinwa, harasabwa kandi kwishyurwa rya GB / T kwishyuza mu burasirazuba bwo hagati no mu bihugu bya مۇستەقىل.
Nubwo impaka zerekeye ibyiza n'ibibi bya AC na DC zishyushye cyane, hamwe nogukwirakwiza kwinshi kwa EV, birihutirwa kongera umubare nigipimo cyo kwishyuza DC byihuse.
Sisitemu yo Kwishyuza hamwe:Umuyoboro wa CCS1
Ukurikije ubwoko bwa 1 bwo kwishyuza AC, Terminal ya DC (Combo 1) yongewe kumashanyarazi akomeye ya DC yihuta agera kuri 350kw.
Nubwo umuhuza wa Tesla wishyuza wavuzwe haruguru arimo kurya umusazi ku isoko rya CCS1, CCS1 iracyafite umwanya ku isoko kubera kurinda politiki y’inkunga yari yatangajwe mbere muri Amerika.
Workersbee, imaze igihe kinini itanga ibicuruzwa bihuza ibicuruzwa, kugeza ubu ntabwo yaretse isoko ryayo muri CCS1, ikurikiza imigendekere ya politiki kandi igateza imbere ibicuruzwa byayo. Igicuruzwa cyatsinze icyemezo cya UL, kandi kwizerwa n’umutekano byashimwe ku bakiriya bose.
Usibye Amerika, Ubuyapani na Koreya yepfo nabyo bizashyira mu bikorwa ibipimo byo kwishyuza DC (birumvikana ko Ubuyapani nabwo bufite umuhuza wa CHAdeMO DC).
Sisitemu yo Kwishyuza hamwe:Umuyoboro wa CCS2
Kimwe na CCS1, CCS2 yongeraho DC ya terefone (Combo 2) ishingiye kumuyoboro wubwoko bwa AC AC 2 kandi niyo ihuza nyamukuru kwishyuza DC muburayi. Bitandukanye na CCS1, AC ihuza (L1, L2, L3, na N) yubwoko bwa 2 kumuhuza CCS2 yavanyweho burundu, hasigara imibonano itatu gusa yo gutumanaho no kurinda umutekano.
Workersbee yashyizeho uburyo bwo gukonjesha busanzwe hamwe nibyiza bikoresha neza hamwe nogukonjesha amazi hamwe nibyiza bya CCS2′s zifite ingufu nyinshi za DC zihuta zishakisha.
Twabibutsa ko CCS2 isanzwe ikonjesha ikonjesha ihuza 1.1 irashobora kugera ku musaruro uhoraho uva kuri 375A muremure. Uburyo butangaje bwo kugenzura izamuka ryubushyuhe bwashimishije cyane abakora amamodoka hamwe nogukora ibikoresho.
Amazi akonjesha ya CCS2 ahura nibikenewe ejo hazaza arashobora kugera kumasoko ahamye ya 600A. Ikigereranyo kiraboneka mugukonjesha amavuta no gukonjesha amazi, kandi gukora neza birakonje kuruta gukonjesha bisanzwe.
Umuyoboro wa CHAdeMO
Umuyoboro wa DC wishyuza mubuyapani ， hamwe na sitasiyo zimwe zishyuza muri Amerika nu Burayi nazo zitanga ibicuruzwa bya CHAdeMO, ariko ntabwo ari itegeko rya politiki. Mugihe cyo kugabanuka kw'isoko rya CCS na Tesla, CHAdeMO yagiye igaragaza intege nke ndetse inashyirwa kurutonde rwa "rudasuzumwa" nabakora ibikoresho byinshi bishyuza hamwe nababikora.
GB / T DC Umuhuza
Ubushinwa buherutse kuvugururwa bwo kwishyuza DC bwongera amashanyarazi agera kuri 800A. Nibyiza cyane kuvuka kwamashanyarazi mashya afite ubushobozi bunini kandi intera ndende kumasoko, byihutisha gukundwa niterambere ryumuriro wihuse hamwe na supercharge.
Mu gusubiza ibitekerezo byamasoko kubyerekeye imikorere mibi ya sisitemu yo kugumya gufunga DC, nkumuhuza ukunda kugwa cyangwa gufungura kunanirwa, Workersbee yazamuye umuhuza wa GB / T DC.
Imbaraga zo gufunga inkoni zongerewe kugirango wirinde kunanirwa guhuza ibinyabiziga, kunoza ubwizerwe nuburambe bwabakoresha. Mubyongeyeho, ntabwo itezimbere gusa ihagarikwa rya elegitoroniki ahubwo inemeza igishushanyo mbonera cyihuse, kigabanya amafaranga yo kubungabunga ikoreshwa ryinshi.
Umuyoboro wa Tesla: Umuhuza wa NACS
Igishushanyo mbonera cya AC na DC ni kimwe cya kabiri cyubunini bwa CCS ihuza, nziza kandi yoroheje. Nka maverick yimodoka, Tesla yise amahuza yayo yo kwishyuza asanzwe yo muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru.
Iki cyifuzo nacyo cyabaye impamo kera.
Tesla yafunguye uburyo bwo kwishyiriraho ibiciro kandi itumira andi masosiyete y’imodoka hamwe n’imiyoboro yo kwishyuza kuyikoresha, ifite ingaruka zikomeye ku isoko ryo kwishyuza.
Imodoka nini zirimo General Motors, Ford, na Mercedes-Benz zagiye zikurikirana. Vuba aha, SAE nayo yarayiteguye kandi isobanura ko ari J3400.
Umuyoboro wa ChaoJi
Iyobowe n’Ubushinwa kandi igatezwa imbere n’ibihugu byinshi, umuhuza wa ChaoJi uhuza ibyiza by’imiyoboro isanzwe ya DC ihuza amashanyarazi, ikanoza inenge, kandi igahuza imikoranire itandukanye yo mu karere, igamije kugera ku isi hose imigezi ihanitse ndetse n’ibisabwa byo kwagura ejo hazaza. Igisubizo cya tekiniki cyemejwe na IEC kandi gihinduka urwego mpuzamahanga.
Ariko, mumarushanwa akaze aturuka muri NACS, ejo hazaza h'iterambere ntiharamenyekana.
Guhuriza hamwe kwihuza kwishyuza birashobora kunoza imikoranire yibikoresho byo kwishyuza, nta gushidikanya ko bizagirira akamaro ikoreshwa rya EVS. Bizagabanya kandi amafaranga yinjira mu bakora ibinyabiziga no kwishyuza ibikoresho n’abakora, kandi biteze imbere iterambere ryihuse ry’amashanyarazi.
Icyakora, kubera gukumira politiki n’ibipimo bya guverinoma, hari n’inzitizi z’inyungu n’ikoranabuhanga hagati y’abakora amamodoka atandukanye ndetse n’abatanga ibikoresho byishyuza, ku buryo bigoye cyane guhuza ibipimo ngenderwaho by’amashanyarazi ku isi. Icyerekezo cyo kwishyuza ibipimo ngenderwaho bizakurikiza amahitamo yisoko. Umugabane wisoko ryabaguzi ugena amashyaka azaseka bwa nyuma, naho ibindi birashobora guhuzwa cyangwa kubura.
Nkintangarugero mugutanga ibisubizo, Workersbee yiyemeje guteza imbere iterambere no guhuza abahuza. Ibicuruzwa byacu AC na DC byombi byatsindiye isoko ku isoko kandi byatanze umusanzu mwiza mu iterambere ry’inganda zishyuza. Buri gihe dushishikajwe no gukorana n'abayobozi b'indashyikirwa mu nganda kugira ngo twubake ejo hazaza h'ubwikorezi.
Workersbee iha abafatanyabikorwa bacu uburyo bwiza bwo gutwara ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi hamwe nibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge, ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, n'imbaraga zikomeye zo gukora.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-12-2024